Mental Health Signs to Watch for in Young Children

By Dr. Leo Bennett, Child Development Advisor | Expert Advice Column | Childcare Standards Council

Understanding and supporting mental health in young children is more important than ever. Early childhood is a critical period for emotional and psychological development, and recognising potential signs of mental health difficulties can lead to timely support and better outcomes. As parents, carers, and early years professionals in 2025, it’s vital to know what to look for, what is typical behaviour, and when to seek further help.

In this article, I will outline key mental health signs to watch for in children aged 0 to 5, backed by current research and best practice. My aim is to provide a balanced, science based, and reassuring guide to help you support your child’s emotional wellbeing with confidence.

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Why Early Mental Health Matters

Mental health in early childhood lays the foundation for lifelong wellbeing. According to the NHS and World Health Organization, one in eight children aged 5 to 19 has a diagnosable mental health condition, with many difficulties first emerging in the preschool years. Early identification and intervention can prevent problems escalating, improve social and cognitive development, and promote resilience.

Young children express emotional distress differently than older children or adults. They may not have the vocabulary to explain how they feel, so their behaviour is often the first signal. Understanding typical development helps distinguish between age appropriate behaviours and those that might warrant professional advice.

Typical Behaviour vs. Mental Health Concerns

Toddlers and preschoolers naturally experience mood swings, tantrums, fears, and clinginess. These behaviours often reflect normal developmental stages and environmental changes. However, when such behaviours persist, intensify, or interfere with daily functioning, they may indicate emerging mental health difficulties.

Key Mental Health Signs to Watch for

1. Excessive or Persistent Tantrums

While tantrums are common in toddlers, frequent, prolonged, or extremely intense episodes may signal difficulties with emotional regulation. This can sometimes be linked to anxiety, frustration, or sensory processing issues.

2. Withdrawal or Social Avoidance

If a young child increasingly avoids interaction with family members or peers, shows little interest in play, or appears emotionally “flat,” it may indicate social anxiety or early signs of depression.

3. Sleep Difficulties

Problems such as frequent nightmares, night terrors, or refusing to sleep alone can be normal occasionally but persistent sleep disturbances might affect emotional regulation and indicate stress or anxiety.

4. Changes in Appetite or Eating Habits

Sudden loss of appetite, refusal to eat, or overeating may be linked to emotional distress, especially if accompanied by other behavioural changes.

5. Excessive Fear or Worry

While fears of the dark or separation anxiety are typical in early years, intense or irrational fears that limit activities could suggest anxiety disorders.

6. Aggression or Destructive Behaviour

Unprovoked aggression towards others, self harm, or destructive actions may reflect frustration, trauma, or behavioural disorders requiring assessment.

7. Delayed or Regressive Development

Loss of previously acquired skills such as speech, toileting, or social skills can sometimes indicate emotional trauma or developmental concerns.

8. Hyperactivity or Inattention

Difficulty concentrating, impulsivity, or constant movement beyond typical toddler energy levels can be early signs of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

When to Seek Professional Support

If you observe one or more of these signs consistently over weeks or months, it’s advisable to consult your GP, health visitor, or a child psychologist. Early years professionals, including nursery staff and health visitors, are also well placed to identify concerns and guide families to support services.

Remember, these signs don’t automatically mean your child has a mental health disorder. Many young children show temporary difficulties during stressful periods such as family changes or illness. However, professional assessment ensures your child receives the right support promptly.

How Parents and Carers Can Help

Supporting your child’s mental health involves a nurturing environment, clear routines, and open communication. Here are some practical tips:

• Provide consistent, loving care. Emotional security is fundamental. Respond sensitively to your child’s needs.

• Encourage expression through play and words. Use stories, drawing, and role play to help children share feelings.

• Maintain routines. Predictability helps reduce anxiety and promotes better sleep.

• Limit exposure to stressful situations. Shield your child from adult conflicts or distressing media content.

• Model healthy coping. Show calmness and problem solving skills during challenges.

• Seek help early. Don’t wait for problems to worsen early intervention is key.

  
  

The Role of Early Years Professionals

Health visitors, nursery staff, and childminders play a crucial role in spotting early signs of mental health difficulties. Training in mental health awareness is increasingly embedded in childcare qualifications. Collaboration between families and professionals ensures children receive holistic support tailored to their needs.

In 2025, digital tools like developmental screening apps and telehealth consultations are helping widen access to mental health resources. If you’re a professional, staying updated on evidence based strategies can make a significant difference.

Final Thoughts: Prioritising Young Children’s Mental Wellbeing

Mental health challenges in early childhood are complex but not insurmountable. By recognising the signs, understanding typical development, and seeking timely support, families and professionals can foster resilience and emotional wellbeing.

In 2025, we have more resources and knowledge than ever to support young children’s mental health and it’s vital to use these tools with kindness, patience, and professionalism.

If you’re concerned about your child’s emotional health, reach out to your health visitor, GP, or local early years service. You are not alone, and help is available.